The new Member States have set themselves the strategic objective of universality with equal opportunities in terms of health and quality of life. Its objectives are: 1) to address the needs of quality of life and health and their determinants on the basis of the universal guarantee of rights and the fight against inequalities; 2) Promote participation and social empowerment to meet the quality of life and health needs of the population, and 3) Develop a new model of care that reorganizes all services and workers and forms public network systems at the national, state, local and municipal levels. 27. National Commission against the Illicit Use of Drugs (CONACUID). I Household survey on drug use in Venezuela: public health, lifestyles and drug use in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Final. Caracas: CONACUID, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2006. The Barrio Adentro mission offers services in three ways. Barrio Adentro I is the gateway to the health system with a focus on health promotion, disease prevention and early detection. It provides sexual and reproductive health, oncology and cytology, child and adolescent health, vaccinations, vision health, mental health and addiction. Barrio Adentro II provides care in basic specialties such as pediatrics, gynecology, outpatient surgery, internal medicine, basic laboratory, X-rays and emergencies in popular clinics that do not have hospitalizations. Barrio Adentro III (clinical and clinical hospital medicine) aims to provide care through the existing hospital network, which is now called folk hospitals (type I, II and III), specialized and university hospitals, and specialized national centers such as the National Oncology Center and the National HIV/AIDS Center.
Education, Culture and Sport (IPASME). There are also state-owned enterprises such as Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) that offer health insurance to their employees. 38. Venezuelan doctors who have devoted themselves to emigration. [Accessed January 14, 2011]. Available in: www.cgcom.org/noticias/2008/02/08_02_08_venezuela. Universities are the institutions on which health research is focused.40 Some autonomous institutes, such as the Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, which is affiliated with the Ministry of People`s Power of Science and Technology, and institutes affiliated with MS, such as the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Field of Public Health Dr. Arnoldo Gabaldón, The Institute of Biomedicine, the Rafael Rangel National Institute of Hygiene, the National Institute of Nutrition and the Center for Studies on Growth and Development of the Venezuelan Population Foundation (FUNDACREDESA) also conduct health research. The new Constitution emphasizes the importance of the organization and participation of communities in decision-making relating to the right to health protection and establishes the legal basis for the participation of the organized community in decision-making in the planning, implementation and monitoring of public health institutions. 36. Alvarado C, Martínez M, Vivas-Martínez S. Social and health policy change in Venezuela.
Social Medicine 2008;3(2):113-129 Ms. is responsible for monitoring activities that affect health, while the Rafael Rangel National Institute of Hygiene of MS is responsible for the evaluation, monitoring, quality and safety of pharmaceuticals. Within the framework of the Barrio Adentro II, high-tech centers have been created, health facilities that offer free services for the realization of magnetic resonances, axial computer tomography, mammography, densitometry, endoscopy, three-dimensional ultrasound and echocardiography, among others. With Barrio Adentro, the communities are organized into groups called health committees, composed of social promoters of the communities elected in the neighborhood assemblies, which support in the popular clinics and the CDI in the activities of promotion, prevention of priority problems and in support efforts. They also participate in the preparation of health intervention projects for their place, in the identification of the Community`s priority health problems and in the measures to resolve them. In 2006, there were 8,951 registered health committees. The fragmentation of funding is one of the main shortcomings of the Venezuelan health system, which has prevented the development of a social security system that allows for the universalization of access to health services.31,32 In addition to these funding problems, there is the constant delay in the payment of resources provided by the government to social security institutions and states. 20th National Constituent Assembly of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Caracas: National Constituent Assembly, l999. [Accessed September 18, 2010]. Available in: www.ops-oms.org.ve/site/venezuela/docs/CONSTITUCION_RBV.pdf. 23. OPS/WER. Barrio Adentro: Right to health and social inclusion in Venezuela. [Accessed September 18, 2010]. Available in: www.alopresidente.gob.ve/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,43/ Task,doc_view/gid,147/. According to article 83 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela of 1999, all Venezuelans have the right to health care and are therefore beneficiaries of the SPNS.24 However, due to the fragmentation of the health system, which has led to three main groups of beneficiaries, not all Venezuelans can exercise this right in the same way. First of all, there is the population covered by the various social security institutions (ISSA, IPSFA, IPASME and universities), i.e. employees, pensioners and pensioners in the formal sector of the economy and their families, which in 1997 numbered more than 15 and a half million people.25,26 The ISSA also includes workers who work in the informal sector of the economy and have a defined employment relationship.
As is the case for homeworkers, homeworkers, seasonal workers and casual workers. In addition, there is the procedure for self-employed or self-employed persons enrolled in the optional scheme, which even inactive women can benefit from for maternity care. Women provide health promotion and disease prevention services, medical, surgical, pharmaceutical and hospital care from the first to the third level of care to the uninsured population. These services are provided through outpatient facilities and hospitals, classified according to the size of the population being cared for, the capacity of the services provided and the degree of specialization in types I, II and III. 26. Villegas-Peñaloza JL. Venezuela. Health profile. [Cited 2011 Jan 18]. Available in: www.portalesmedicos.com/publicaciones/articles/710/1/Venezuela-Perfil-de-Salud.html. In this context, mechanisms to set priorities for resource allocation must also be put in place, which should be based on criteria of health needs and cost-effectiveness of interventions and not only on political criteria.